Land Cover Area in Indonesia, Inside and Outside Forest Area by Class, 2014-2023 (thousand ha)
Last Update : February 17, 2025
| Land Cover Area in Indonesia, Inside and Outside Forest Area by Class, 2014-2021 (thousand ha) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number | Land Cover | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Forest Area | Other Use Area/ Non Forest Area | Total | Forest Area | Other Use Area/ Non Forest Area | Total | Forest Area | Other Use Area/ Non Forest Area | Total | Forest Area | Other Use Area/ Non Forest Area | Total | Forest Area | Other Use Area/ Non Forest Area | Total | Forest Area | Other Use Area/ Non Forest Area | Total | Forest Area | Other Use Area/ Non Forest Area | Total | Forest Area | Other Use Area/ Non Forest Area | Total | Forest | Non Forest Area | Total | Forest | Non Forest Area | Total | ||
| A. Hutan / Forest | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | Primary dry land forest | 37 062.6 | 991.9 | 38 054.4 | 37 310.8 | 1 092.4 | 38 403.3 | 38 151.5 | 1 204.6 | 39 356.1 | 38 293.5 | 1 203.1 | 39 496.6 | 38 866.1 | 1 163.6 | 40 029.7 | 39 070.2 | 1 193.5 | 40 263.8 | 39 353.0 | 1 196.9 | 40 549.9 | 38 424.7 | 1 261.0 | 39 685.7 | 38 709.6 | 1 268.6 | 39 978.2 | 37 127.2 | 1 294.4 | 38 421.6 |
| 2 | Secondary dry land forest | 34 277.0 | 4 121.6 | 38 398.6 | 33 084.1 | 4 522.7 | 37 606.8 | 32 516.8 | 3 989.3 | 36 506.1 | 31 761.9 | 4 194.0 | 35 955.9 | 31 015.0 | 4 133.0 | 35 148.0 | 30 460.7 | 3 846.9 | 34 307.6 | 30 883.2 | 3 856.9 | 34 740.1 | 31 785.8 | 4 174.8 | 35 960.6 | 31 713.0 | 4 244.2 | 35 957.1 | 33 400.6 | 4 323.1 | 37 723.7 |
| 3 | Primary swamp forest | 5 140.0 | 171.4 | 5 311.4 | 5 099.7 | 169.0 | 5 268.7 | 5 024.2 | 156.5 | 5 180.7 | 5 031.5 | 167.4 | 5 198.9 | 5 030.3 | 161.8 | 5 192.1 | 4 837.7 | 165.9 | 5 003.7 | 4 705.6 | 157.2 | 4 862.9 | 4 571.4 | 193.2 | 4 764.6 | 4 701.7 | 240.5 | 4 942.2 | 4 753.7 | 262.0 | 5 015.7 |
| 4 | Secondary swamp forest | 5 434.0 | 855.1 | 6 289.1 | 5 347.2 | 838.7 | 6 185.9 | 5 182.0 | 740.5 | 5 922.5 | 5 030.4 | 789.0 | 5 819.4 | 5 014.4 | 744.4 | 5 758.8 | 5 798.6 | 719.0 | 6 517.5 | 6 193.0 | 786.9 | 6 979.8 | 5 529.5 | 771.6 | 6 301.1 | 5 588.0 | 796.9 | 6 384.8 | 5 421.2 | 773.1 | 6 194.3 |
| 5 | Primary mangrove forest | 1 374.5 | 136.1 | 1 510.7 | 1 366.4 | 130.0 | 1 496.4 | 1 353.9 | 129.7 | 1 483.6 | 1 330.0 | 117.5 | 1 447.5 | 1 324.1 | 117.8 | 1 441.9 | 1 373.5 | 127.6 | 1 501.1 | 1 458.4 | 125.2 | 1 583.5 | 1 693.2 | 127.1 | 1 820.3 | 1 597.6 | 129.5 | 1 727.1 | 1 590.6 | 126.7 | 1 717.3 |
| 6 | Secondary mangrove forest | 1 024.5 | 382.8 | 1 407.3 | 1 006.8 | 391.6 | 1 398.4 | 1 017.1 | 381.9 | 1 399.1 | 993.6 | 377.7 | 1 371.3 | 986.3 | 360.4 | 1 346.7 | 1 057.1 | 353.9 | 1 411.1 | 1 021.9 | 374.1 | 1 396.0 | 1 036.3 | 408.8 | 1 445.1 | 1 043.8 | 451.5 | 1 495.4 | 1 098.3 | 511.5 | 1 609.9 |
| 7 | Forest Plantation * | 3 823.5 | 971.4 | 4 794.9 | 3 410.6 | 1 257.9 | 4 668.4 | 4 482.7 | 941.0 | 5 423.7 | 3 409.0 | 1 251.2 | 4 660.2 | 3 386.0 | 1 223.1 | 4 609.1 | 4 301.7 | 807.7 | 5 109.4 | 4 798.1 | 651.6 | 5 449.7 | 4 808.9 | 549.2 | 5 358.1 | 4 939.2 | 545.4 | 5 484.5 | 4 968.0 | 580.9 | 5 548.9 |
| Total of forest | 88 136.1 | 7 630.3 | 95 766.4 | 86 625.6 | 8 402.4 | 95 028.0 | 87 728.3 | 7 543.6 | 95 271.9 | 85 849.9 | 8 099.9 | 93 949.7 | 85 622.0 | 7 904.1 | 93 526.2 | 86 899.6 | 7 214.5 | 94 114.1 | 88 413.2 | 7 148.7 | 95 561.9 | 87 849.7 | 7 485.7 | 95 335.5 | 88 292.9 | 7 676.6 | 95 969.4 | 88 359.5 | 7 871.8 | 96 231.4 | |
| Non forest | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 | Shurbs | 8 298.1 | 6 402.3 | 14 700.4 | 8 617.1 | 5 788.1 | 14 405.3 | 7 526.4 | 5 591.4 | 13 117.8 | 8 746.6 | 6 458.9 | 15 205.5 | 8 081.4 | 5 172.1 | 13 253.5 | 7 428.4 | 5 235.2 | 12 663.6 | 6 589.0 | 4 741.2 | 11 330.2 | 5 927.4 | 4 358.0 | 10 285.4 | 5 698.8 | 3 861.3 | 9 560.2 | 5 719.9 | 3 973.0 | 9 692.9 |
| 9 | Shrub swamps | 5 302.7 | 3 045.3 | 8 347.9 | 5 259.1 | 2 766.5 | 8 025.6 | 5 175.9 | 2 541.7 | 7 717.6 | 5 487.2 | 2 619.9 | 8 107.1 | 5 279.2 | 2 358.9 | 7 638.1 | 5 395.3 | 2 205.3 | 7 600.6 | 5 514.3 | 2 179.9 | 7 694.2 | 5 188.1 | 2 402.3 | 7 590.4 | 4 946.1 | 2 193.5 | 7 139.6 | 4 967.9 | 2 144.5 | 7 112.3 |
| 10 | Savana | 1 773.7 | 1 112.6 | 2 886.3 | 1 569.4 | 1 019.8 | 2 589.2 | 1 747.6 | 1 166.8 | 2 914.4 | 1 648.4 | 958.5 | 2 606.9 | 1 876.0 | 987.9 | 2 863.9 | 1 762.8 | 1 148.0 | 2 910.8 | 1 698.1 | 1 070.9 | 2 769.0 | 1 739.7 | 1 053.2 | 2 792.9 | 1 651.9 | 1 058.9 | 2 710.8 | 1 602.1 | 999.8 | 2 601.9 |
| 11 | Estate | 2 455.5 | 9 105.0 | 11 560.4 | 2 606.8 | 9 845.8 | 12 452.6 | 3 150.1 | 11 567.4 | 14 717.5 | 3 356.3 | 11 972.7 | 15 329.0 | 3 530.5 | 12 181.4 | 15 711.9 | 3 934.9 | 14 073.0 | 18 007.9 | 4 276.7 | 15 267.6 | 19 544.2 | 4 428.8 | 16 521.2 | 20 950.0 | 4 422.7 | 17 151.1 | 21 573.8 | 4 778.1 | 17 687.9 | 22 465.9 |
| 12 | Dry land farming | 1 756.0 | 8 221.4 | 9 977.4 | 1 735.1 | 8 126.7 | 9 861.7 | 1 724.8 | 7 990.3 | 9 715.1 | 1 797.8 | 7 309.2 | 9 107.0 | 1 801.3 | 7 757.0 | 9 558.3 | 1 683.6 | 7 115.1 | 8 798.8 | 1 519.5 | 6 689.7 | 8 209.2 | 1 464.7 | 6 727.2 | 8 191.9 | 1 380.0 | 6 450.5 | 7 830.5 | 1 142.4 | 5 454.1 | 6 596.5 |
| 13 | Dry land mixed bush farming | 8 652.7 | 18 748.3 | 27 401.0 | 8 691.0 | 17 898.1 | 26 589.1 | 9 048.8 | 17 663.8 | 26 712.6 | 8 613.4 | 16 286.2 | 24 899.6 | 9 589.9 | 17 647.6 | 27 237.5 | 9 465.4 | 16 832.1 | 26 297.5 | 9 169.4 | 16 894.4 | 26 063.8 | 8 591.5 | 16 772.2 | 25 363.7 | 8 514.0 | 16 738.6 | 25 252.6 | 8 251.5 | 17 399.9 | 25 651.4 |
| 14 | Transmigration | 18.6 | 249.6 | 268.1 | 18.8 | 241.9 | 260.7 | 17.3 | 250.3 | 267.6 | 66.0 | 725.1 | 791.1 | 15.2 | 226.6 | 241.8 | 13.2 | 211.4 | 224.6 | 9.7 | 174.7 | 184.5 | 5.6 | 185.4 | 191.0 | 5.0 | 180.3 | 185.3 | 3.6 | 184.9 | 188.5 |
| 15 | Rice fields | 366.4 | 7 293.1 | 7 659.5 | 356.7 | 7 518.3 | 7 874.9 | 305.4 | 7 535.8 | 7 841.2 | 328.2 | 7 468.0 | 7 796.2 | 331.8 | 7 406.6 | 7 738.4 | 289.1 | 7 594.9 | 7 884.0 | 244.0 | 7 632.7 | 7 876.6 | 238.5 | 7 850.0 | 8 088.5 | 243.4 | 7 828.7 | 8 072.1 | 243.6 | 7 777.1 | 8 020.7 |
| 16 | Pond | 321.8 | 531.1 | 852.8 | 333.1 | 523.6 | 856.7 | 348.9 | 574.7 | 923.6 | 360.9 | 567.0 | 927.9 | 377.8 | 788.5 | 1 166.4 | 345.7 | 625.7 | 971.5 | 327.9 | 650.9 | 978.8 | 320.5 | 660.5 | 981.0 | 323.7 | 671.8 | 995.4 | 309.6 | 673.5 | 983.1 |
| 17 | Open Land | 2 175.6 | 1 406.0 | 3 581.7 | 3 183.8 | 1 583.4 | 4 767.2 | 2 193.0 | 1 192.5 | 3 385.5 | 2 593.0 | 955.2 | 3 548.2 | 2 325.0 | 841.1 | 3 166.2 | 1 578.6 | 891.3 | 2 469.9 | 1 010.7 | 581.2 | 1 591.9 | 972.9 | 453.0 | 1 425.9 | 843.9 | 365.5 | 1 209.4 | 880.6 | 351.7 | 1 232.3 |
| 18 | Mining | 238.0 | 342.7 | 580.7 | 255.7 | 354.2 | 610.0 | 293.1 | 383.9 | 677.0 | 302.2 | 399.3 | 701.5 | 312.5 | 431.4 | 743.9 | 346.0 | 464.4 | 810.4 | 343.7 | 462.2 | 805.9 | 347.6 | 498.9 | 846.5 | 370.9 | 526.6 | 897.4 | 377.0 | 550.4 | 927.4 |
| 19 | Settlement | 81.1 | 2 532.5 | 2 613.6 | 92.8 | 2 756.3 | 2 849.1 | 78.2 | 3 006.4 | 3 084.6 | 84.0 | 3 233.4 | 3 317.4 | 101.6 | 3 359.9 | 3 461.5 | 112.5 | 3 556.8 | 3 669.4 | 115.6 | 3 691.1 | 3 806.7 | 122.0 | 3 944.6 | 4 066.6 | 150.3 | 4 330.5 | 4 480.8 | 113.1 | 4 306.8 | 4 419.9 |
| 20 | Swamp | 1 193.6 | 343.4 | 1 537.0 | 1 217.0 | 344.5 | 1 561.5 | 1 085.4 | 298.7 | 1 384.0 | 1 155.5 | 287.6 | 1 443.1 | 1 140.2 | 281.3 | 1 421.5 | 1 025.5 | 278.5 | 1 304.0 | 1 028.7 | 279.5 | 1 308.2 | 1 167.3 | 373.7 | 1 541.0 | 1 350.1 | 328.5 | 1 678.6 | 1 443.0 | 338.7 | 1 781.7 |
| 21 | Airport/Seaport | 0.5 | 18.1 | 18.6 | 0.5 | 20.0 | 20.5 | 0.7 | 20.6 | 21.3 | 0.6 | 20.9 | 21.5 | 1.1 | 21.7 | 22.9 | 1.0 | 23.9 | 24.9 | 1.3 | 25.6 | 26.9 | 1.1 | 27.6 | 28.7 | 1.1 | 31.0 | 32.2 | 1.1 | 31.5 | 32.5 |
| Total of non forest | 32 634.2 | 59 351.3 | 91 985.5 | 33 936.8 | 58 787.1 | 92 723.9 | 32 695.6 | 59 784.4 | 92 480.0 | 34 540.3 | 59 261.9 | 93 802.1 | 34 763.6 | 59 462.1 | 94 225.7 | 33 382.0 | 60 255.8 | 93 637.8 | 31 848.4 | 60 341.5 | 92 189.9 | 30 515.8 | 61 828.0 | 92 343.5 | 29 901.9 | 61 716.4 | 91 618.3 | 29 833.7 | 61 873.6 | 91 707.3 | |
| Total | 120 770.3 | 66 981.6 | 187 751.9 | 120 562.4 | 67 189.5 | 187 751.9 | 120 423.8 | 67 328.0 | 187 751.9 | 120 390.1 | 67 361.7 | 187 751.9 | 120 385.7 | 67 366.2 | 187 751.9 | 120 281.6 | 67 470.3 | 187 751.9 | 120 261.6 | 67 490.2 | 187 751.9 | 118 365.5 | 69 313.7 | 187 679.0 | 118 194.7 | 69 393.0 | 187 587.6 | 118 193.2 | 69 745.5 | 187 938.7 | |
| Notes | : Bodies of water (lakes, large rivers, seas (water conservation areas) are not included in the calculation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (* | : Forest Plantation based on image interpretation is forest land cover which is the result of human cultivation,both Industrial Forest Plantation / IUPHHK-HT or Forest Plantation which is the result of reforestation / afforestation inside and outside the forest area; seen from the image has a regular cropping pattern on a flat area, while for the bumpy area looks different color image with the surrounding environment. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source | : Indonesian Land Closure Recalulation Book, 2014-2021 Ministry of Environment and Forestry | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
BPS-Statistics Indonesia
Badan Pusat Statistik(BPS - Statistics Indonesia)
Jl. Dr. Sutomo 6-8
Jakarta 10710 Indonesia
Telp (62-21) 3841195; 3842508; 3810291
Faks (62-21) 3857046
Mailbox : bpshq@bps.go.id
Copyright © 2023 BPS-Statistics Indonesia
