Press Release, 1 September 2025

Indonesia’s Balance of Trade Performance

Jakarta, (1/9)– Indonesia’s balance of trade on goods recorded a surplus of US$23.65 billion in the January–July 2025 period, an increase of US$7.40 billion compared with the same period last year.

“As a result, Indonesia has recorded a trade surplus for 63 consecutive months since May 2020. The surplus for the January–July 2025 period was supported by a non-oil and gas commodity surplus of US$34.06 billion, while oil and gas commodities still recorded a deficit of US$10.41 billion,” stated Pudji Ismartini, Deputy Chief Statistician for Distribution and Services Statistics (BPS), in Jakarta on Monday, September 1, 2025.

The Deputy Chief Statistician reported that exports rose 8.03 percent year-on-year during this period, driven mainly by the manufacturing sector, which generated US$128.13 billion in export earnings, a growth of 17.40 percent.

China, the United States, and India were the top three non-oil and gas export destinations, together contributing 41.53 percent of Indonesia’s total non-oil and gas exports during January–July 2025. China remained the largest market with US$34.46 billion (22.64 percent), followed by the United States at US$17.89 billion (11.75 percent), and India at US$10.87 billion (7.14 percent).

Exports to China were dominated by iron and steel, mineral fuels, and nickel products. Meanwhile, exports to the United States were primarily comprised of machinery and electrical equipment, knitted apparel and accessories, as well as footwear.

Indonesia’s imports reached US$136.51 billion in January–July 2025, an increase of 3.41 percent compared with the same period in 2024. Indonesia’s non-oil and gas imports remained the backbone of trade performance, with imports valued at US$118.13 billion, an increase of 6.97 percent. Meanwhile, oil and gas imports declined by 14.79 percent to US$18.38 billion.

By end-use category, the increase in imports was driven by raw and auxiliary materials as well as capital goods. Capital goods, as the main contributor to the import growth, reached US$27.38 billion, rising by 20.56 percent compared to the same period last year.

During the period of January–July 2025, China remained the main source of Indonesia’s non-oil and gas imports, amounting to US$47.67 billion (40.35 percent), followed by Japan with US$8.77 billion (7.43 percent), and the United States with US$5.75 billion (4.87 percent). Imports from China were dominated by machinery and mechanical appliances, electrical machinery and equipment, as well as vehicles and their parts.

The non-oil and gas trade surplus during the first seven months of this year was largely supported by five main commodities, which are animal/vegetable fats and oils (US$19.24 billion), mineral fuels (US$15.41 billion), iron and steel (US$10.70 billion), nickel products (US$4.77 billion), and footwear (US$3.77 billion).

Deflation in August 2025

BPS recorded a month-on-month deflation of 0.08 percent in August 2025. On a year-on-year basis, inflation reached 2.31 percent, while year-to-date inflation stood at 1.60 percent.

Pudji added that, based on historical data, deflation has occurred every August over the past four years. The expenditure group contributing the most to the monthly deflation was food, beverages, and tobacco, which recorded a deflation of 0.29 percent, contributing 0.08 percentage points to overall deflation. The personal care and other services group experienced an inflation of 0.18 percent, contributing 0.01 percentage points to overall inflation.

“The food and beverage/restaurant group experienced an inflation of 0.10 percent, contributing 0.01 percentage points to overall inflation. The clothing and footwear group recorded a deflation of 0.10 percent, contributing 0.01 percentage points to overall deflation,” she stated.

Key commodities driving deflation were tomatoes (0.10 percentage points), bird’s eye chili (0.07 percentage points), airfares (0.03 percentage points), and gasoline (0.02 percentage points). On the other hand, commodities still contributing to inflation included shallots (0.05 percentage points) and rice (0.03 percentage points). The contribution of rice inflation was driven by a rice inflation rate of 0.73 percent (m-to-m), which was lower than the inflation rate in July 2025 that had reached 1.35 percent.

By component, the deflation in August 2025 was primarily driven by deflation in the volatile food component, contributing -0.10 percent. The commodities that made the largest contribution to deflation in this group were tomatoes, bird’s eye chili, and garlic. Furthermore, the administered prices component also experienced deflation, contributing -0.02 percent.

The commodities that made the largest contribution to deflation in this group were air transportation fares and gasoline. Meanwhile, the core component recorded inflation, contributing 0.04 percent. The commodities that made the largest contribution to inflation in this group were tuition fees for academies/universities, gold jewelry, and elementary school fees.

By region, on a monthly basis, 27 provinces recorded deflation while 11 provinces experienced inflation. The deepest deflation occurred in North Maluku, at 1.90 percent. Meanwhile, the highest inflation was recorded in North Sumatra, at 1.37 percent.

On an annual basis (y-on-y), in August 2025 inflation stood at 2.31 percent, reflecting an increase in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) from 106.06 in August 2024 to 108.51 in August 2025. By expenditure group, this annual inflation was primarily driven by the food, beverages, and tobacco group, which recorded inflation of 3.99 percent and contributed 1.14 percent to inflation. The commodities with the largest contribution to inflation in this group were shallots, rice, fresh fish, cooking oil, tomatoes, ground coffee, and machine-made clove cigarettes.

Other commodities outside the food, beverages, and tobacco group that also gave a significant contribution to annual inflation were gold jewelry, piped water tariffs, household fuels, and rice with side dishes.

Meanwhile, the expenditure groups that experienced annual deflation in August 2025 were the transportation group, which recorded deflation of 0.29 percent with a contribution of -0.04 percent, and the information, communication, and financial services group, which recorded deflation of 0.33 percent with a contribution of -0.02 percent. The deflation in these two expenditure groups was driven by deflation in gasoline, air transportation fares, railway fares, and mobile phones.

By region, on an annual basis almost all provinces recorded inflation, with the exception of West Papua, which experienced deflation. The highest inflation occurred in North Sumatra at 4.42 percent, while the lowest inflation was recorded in North Maluku at 0.43 percent. West Papua, on the other hand, experienced deflation of 0.87 percent.

Farmers’ Terms of Trade

The national Farmers’ Terms of Trade in August 2025 reached 123.57, an increase of 0.76 percent compared with July 2025. This improvement was due to the farmers’ price index (It) rising by 0.84 percent, while the farmers’ expenditure index (Ib) rose only 0.08 percent.

BPS also noted continued increases in rice prices across the supply chain: milling (+1.87 percent), wholesale (+0.64 percent), and retail (+0.73 percent). Although rice inflation persisted, the rate was lower than in July 2025.

Rice and Maize Production

The harvested area for rice in July 2025 reached 0.94 million hectares, up 33.20 percent from July 2024. This expansion was accompanied by a rise in rice production, estimated at 4.81 million tons of dried unhusked rice, an increase of 35.11 percent compared with the same month last year.

The potential harvested area for rice in the following three months (August–October 2025) is estimated to reach 3.02 million hectares, representing an increase of 0.15 million hectares, or approximately 5.10 percent higher compared with the same period last year. Subsequently, the potential rice production for August–October 2025 is estimated at 15.80 million tons of dried unhusked rice, up 4.16 percent from the previous year. Milled rice production for the same period is estimated at 9.11 million tons, reflecting an increase of 4.17 percent.

The realized harvested area for maize in July 2025 reached 0.25 million hectares, up approximately 5.81 percent (0.01 million hectares) compared with July 2024. Accordingly, maize production in July 2025 is estimated at 1.46 million tons of shelled maize at 14 percent moisture content, an increase of 7.46 percent (0.10 million tons) compared with July 2024.

The potential harvested area for maize in August–October 2025 is projected at 0.60 million hectares, representing a decrease of 0.14 million hectares (19.34 percent) compared with the same period in 2024. Meanwhile, potential production of shelled maize at 14 percent moisture content (JPK KA 14 percent) for August–October 2025 is estimated at 3.62 million tons, a decline of 20.87 percent compared with August–October 2024.

Tourism Indicators

The number of foreign tourist arrivals to Indonesia in July 2025 reached 1.48 million visits, up 13.01 percent compared with July 2024, which recorded 1.31 million visits. Cumulatively, from January to July 2025, total foreign tourist arrivals reached 8.53 million visits, representing an increase of 10.04 percent compared with the same period in 2024. In July 2025, the largest share of foreign visitors came from Malaysia (14.32 percent), Australia (11.69 percent), and China (9.76 percent).

Another tourism indicator released by BPS is the number of domestic tourist trips (wisnus), which in July 2025 reached 100.20 million trips, an increase of 29.72 percent from July 2024. Cumulatively, from January to July 2025, the total number of domestic tourist trips reached 713.98 million, representing a 19.25 percent increase compared with the same period last year.

Passenger Numbers Across Several Modes of Transportation Increased

International air passenger numbers in July 2025 totaled 1.8 million, marking a 14.56 percent rise from July 2024. Similar increases in departures were observed in both the railway and domestic maritime transport modes.

The number of departing railway passengers reached 50.1 million, up 9.78 percent compared with July 2024. Meanwhile, the number of domestic maritime transport passengers reached 2.9 million, an increase of 11.55 percent compared with the previous year. Conversely, the number of domestic air passengers totaled 5.5 million, a decrease of 9.41 percent compared with July 2024. Passengers using ASDP ferries reached 4.4 million, down 3.42 percent.

BPS also recorded that in July 2025, the volume of goods transported via domestic maritime transport reached 42.8 million tons, up 14.55 percent compared with the same period last year. Meanwhile, the volume of goods transported by railway totaled 6.2 million tons, a decrease of 3.43 percent. The volume of goods transported by domestic air transport reached 54.6 thousand tons, a slight decrease of 0.18 percent compared with July 2024.

Media Contact

Melly Merlianasari

Acting Head of the Bureau of Public Relations and Law

BPS - Statistics Indonesia

081320978636

humas.hukum@bps.go.id